Archive for 2013

600 million years ago, out of the blue, a rather curious molecule came into being.

Fraser Trevor

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Title: 600 million years ago, out of the blue, a rather curious molecule came into being.
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

DHA in non-linear conformation with numbering from both ends (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) It had never been there before. Its arrival w...

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DHA_numbers.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:left;"><img alt="DHA in non-linear conformation with numbering ..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="115" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/DHA_numbers.svg/350px-DHA_numbers.svg.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="350" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">DHA in non-linear conformation with numbering from both ends (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DHA_numbers.svg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;"><br /><br /> It had never been there before. Its arrival was a uniquely significant biological event. Though this relatively simple carbon compound now goes by the name of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), its impact on evolution has been stunning. In view of its remarkable importance, there are two absolute certainties about it, which must be clearly stated. The first absolute certainty is that if it had not arrived, you would not now be reading this page, nor I writing it. This is because it permits nerve tissues to transmit, and eventually human beings to think. Without it we would be nowhere. However, in order to see quite how remarkable this is, it is equally important to acknowledge the other absolute certainty – namely we shall never, ever know how it came into existence, nor how it has managed to persist unchanged for an aeon of geological time.<br /><br /><br />The plight of our globally deteriorating mental health demands a much clearer strategy than that currently deployed. With the WHO predicting more deaths from mental disease than from obesity and cardiac diseases combined, radical action is required. And in particular we desperately need a device, a modern version of Occam’s Razor to guide us through our phenomenal and ever-growing complexities. In 50 years’ medical work the type of rule of thumb I found most useful is one that is simple, understandable and more often right than not. In medical practice, it is vital to prioritise, to concentrate on those enquiries that prove more fruitful, at the expense of those less so. Not only does this save invaluable time and indeed lives, it also discourages toxic speculation. Accordingly expanding Occam’s Razor from stating that “simplicity is best”, we need to explore every item under four Points – 1) where does it come from? 2) what is it like? 3) what does it do? and 4) what it is for?<br /><br /><br />The practical value of this approach, termed here the Certainty Principle, is that it redirects attention away from what is indelibly unknowable to what we can certainly know more about. And a minute’s reflection will confirm that it is rather easier on the mind to wrestle with problems and challenges we can do something about, rather than to struggle endlessly with questions that can never be known, which are quite beyond our comprehension anyway, and will always remain so.<br /><br /><br />MANUAL CERTAINTIES<br /><br /><br />The main thrust of this paper is the application of the Certainty Principle to consciousness and its better wellbeing. However such intangibles benefit from concrete examples. So before proceeding to consider how and why our current versions of psychiatric practice need remedy, it is prudent to digress and apply this Principle to that most practical of all items, the human hand. If the reader will consider how this applies to his or her own appendage, the discussion might bear more weight. Point 1 of the Certainty Principle enquires as to the origin of this invaluable extension to human anatomy. For my own part, I have simply no idea where my hand came from. It’s been there for as long as I can remember, and probably for some time before that – but where it originated, I cannot possibly say. This reinforces the absolute uncertainty of our knowledge of our hand – we cannot begin to know how it came about, and there is generally little practical value to be gained from pursuing this line. Speculation is usually interesting, but should not be confused with concrete, evidenced knowledge – thus we may have developed our hands to help pick up small shell fish and other edible items on the sea’s edge – but we cannot be sure, and it would make little sense to invest huge amounts of time or mental energy on the question.<br /><br /><br />Point 2 relates to what the hand is actually like – and here again, I have only a grossly inaccurate picture. What you see on the outside is very far from what the hand really is. Nor does the picture become clearer on closer, more detailed examination. You might like to think that your hand has four fingers and a thumb – and there are those who would agree. However, if you were to set out to define precisely what you meant by ‘thumb’, you would soon come to grief – the tighter your definition, the sooner and deeper the grief. Suppose you defined your thumb as consisting of two bones, how do you place the skin fold, which comes halfway along the second bone? What are you going to do about the ‘third bone’, the one adjoining the palm, which links the first two to the wrist, and which alone makes provision for the invaluable ‘opposing’ of the thumb. This third bone by itself won’t get you very far – you need the several wrist bones, which in turn call upon the radius, the humerus, the clavicle and so on, all of which blend with the other 400 bones in our complex makeup.<br /><br /><br />This is only the bony substrate. The nerves, muscles, blood vessels, skin, tendons, even blood all need to be included in any comprehensive ‘definition’ – there is no limit to the number of items involved, nor therefore any end to what we may ‘know’ about the thumb. Even when the anatomy of this invaluable object is disclosed, its physiology or function leaves the mind gasping. It is powered by what medical texts cheerily label ‘voluntary musculature’ – does this entail Free Will? Are you convinced?<br /><br /><br />It is therefore a verbal illusion to suppose that we can know more about an object by describing it ever more minutely. Which takes us, with much relief, to Point 3) of the Certainty Principle – ‘what does the hand do?’ And here, provided we stick to pragmatic principles, we are indeed for the first time on solid ground. The simple answer is that it performs an infinite number of manual tasks, from feeding invaluable fish oils into our mouths to composing verbose texts on what it is all about. This may seem rather less than absolute, and open to the suggestion that different individuals will have a differing answer to the question – ‘what does your hand do?’ However, it does at least make sense – a vital commodity when considering items as intrinsically complex as consciousness. It is reasonable to concede that what one person might wish to do with their hands is rather different from another – but there is much less harm in variety than in dogma.<br /><br /><br />If there are many answers to the question ‘what do hands do?’ then of course there are innumerably more to the next question ‘what are they for?’, which forms the fourth and final Point of the Certainty Principle. However from a medical viewpoint, this question has vital significance. Indeed clinically it is the most important of them all. In the overall clinical context, every medical symptom represents a failure or partial failure of one aspect of the whole human being. So the question, ‘what is that aspect for?’, has immediate practical value. In the case of the hand, if it is diseased, what can you no longer do ? – if feeding, then alternative gismos need to be invoked, if shaking hands, an alternative form of greeting needs to be acquired. Whatever the loss, the remedy is to ascertain the fundamental purpose that has become deficient, to then evaluate this on a life-death scale, prior to implementing the best available remedies to address that loss. Clinical medicine (and global politics) in a nutshell.<br /><br /><br />So here the Certainty Principle is applied to the hand – 1) we have no idea where it came from, and this should trouble us little. 2) Our picture of what it is really like, is astoundingly inaccurate, and though this is troubling, it is less so. 3) We know what it does – indeed we perhaps know too many things it does, but this is much better than our indelible ignorance as in the first two Points. Finally 4) we know well enough what it is for – it is to help us through the many challenges which beset all living organisms on this rather curious and not always quite so hospitable planet.</span><br />
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600 million years ago, out of the blue, a rather curious molecule came into being.

DHA in non-linear conformation with numbering from both ends (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) It had never been there before. Its arrival w...

Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression

Fraser Trevor

Link Author

Title: Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression using vitamin B-3 therapy and worked tir...

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl885BxenaXMUGYkCtqlug4o4KnQN8KryNJzPpvDPCVAK-ctArqYvZqQIMAU_AUa4gDXLo_SPCdtlPIbXZNVYGifef-TxC3nFLjMx0oGjYW427n0fAtB5Z6xjB-70p9-qOcGIqPtinj-Y/s1600/billslastmessage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl885BxenaXMUGYkCtqlug4o4KnQN8KryNJzPpvDPCVAK-ctArqYvZqQIMAU_AUa4gDXLo_SPCdtlPIbXZNVYGifef-TxC3nFLjMx0oGjYW427n0fAtB5Z6xjB-70p9-qOcGIqPtinj-Y/s320/billslastmessage.jpg" width="246" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression using vitamin B-3 therapy and worked tirelessly for eleven years begging for its inclusion into A.A. recovery circles.  His desire was to help alcoholics stay recovered. This means he would have immediately brought this mineral replacement therapy that eliminates alcohol cravings forth without exception.  Master of ceremonies, Andrew W. Saul, includes Bill Wilson as an inductee of the Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of Fame at the Hotel Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April 29, 2006 in his induction speech, “…To this day, selective history records A.A.’s 12-Step Program, but has forgotten, or deliberately purged, what Bill wanted to be A.A.’s 13th step – orthomolecular therapy with vitamin B3.”[Lee Brack1]  In February 2009, Orthomolecular Medicine’s founder, Abram Hoffer and Bill Wilson’s good friend, clarified to me over the phone, “..yes, Lee, he wanted to share this information as an added step and talked about it all the time because he felt so strongly about nutrition…”  Abram Hoffer passed away a few months later in May having lived healthy and happily for ninety one and a half years.</span>

Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression

Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression using vitamin B-3 therapy and worked tir...

Understand the inherently peaceful presence of Awareness the art of Living in the NOW

Fraser Trevor

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Title: Understand the inherently peaceful presence of Awareness the art of Living in the NOW
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Understand the inherently peaceful presence of Awareness the art of Living in the NOW, and see that this peace is not dependent upon the c...

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivk6_eiwmnnwQ9zsVaGQg1VN4xqlbC2cS3ztzAqdoGwHLdf7j1bGrWWCUnMrrpZBwX6mwClCPUsTiqh5DDVh3GllHBMw6_2TlBEgUFrwQZ-aNytJszdVmdGXyEVi_iM_Z27i8PFQEDJQg/s1600/GetAttachment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivk6_eiwmnnwQ9zsVaGQg1VN4xqlbC2cS3ztzAqdoGwHLdf7j1bGrWWCUnMrrpZBwX6mwClCPUsTiqh5DDVh3GllHBMw6_2TlBEgUFrwQZ-aNytJszdVmdGXyEVi_iM_Z27i8PFQEDJQg/s200/GetAttachment.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 28px;">Understand the inherently peaceful presence of Awareness the art of Living in the NOW, and see that this peace is not dependent upon the condition of the mind, body or world, just as a screen is not dependent on the quality of the words or images that appear on it.</span>

Understand the inherently peaceful presence of Awareness the art of Living in the NOW

Understand the inherently peaceful presence of Awareness the art of Living in the NOW, and see that this peace is not dependent upon the c...

The addicted brain is distinctly different from the nonaddicted brain, as manifested by changes in brain metabolic activity, receptor availability, gene expression, and responsiveness to environmental cues

Fraser Trevor

Link Author

Title: The addicted brain is distinctly different from the nonaddicted brain, as manifested by changes in brain metabolic activity, receptor availability, gene expression, and responsiveness to environmental cues
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

English: drug response in classical conditioning (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) There are many biological factors that are involved with t...

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drug_response_in_classical_conditioning.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:left;"><img alt="English: drug response in classical conditioning" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted" height="225" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Drug_response_in_classical_conditioning.jpg/300px-Drug_response_in_classical_conditioning.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">English: drug response in classical conditioning (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drug_response_in_classical_conditioning.jpg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
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There are many biological factors that are involved with the addicted brain.<br />
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"The addicted brain is distinctly different from the nonaddicted brain, as manifested by changes in brain metabolic activity, receptor availability, gene expression, and responsiveness to environmental cues" (2) In the brain, there are many changes that take place when drugs enter a person's blood stream. The pathway in the brain that the drugs take is first to the ventral tegmentum to the nucleus accumbens, and the drugs also go to the limbic system and the orbitofrontal cortex, which is called the mesolimbic reward system. The activation of this reward system seems to be the common element in what hooks drug users on drugs (2).<br />
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Drugs seem to cause surges in dopamine neurotransmitters and other pleasure brain messengers. However, the brain quickly adapts and these circuits desensitize, which allows for withdrawal symptoms to occur (3). Drug addiction works on some of the same neurobiological mechanisms that aid in learning and memories (3). "This new view of dopamine as an aid to learning rather than a pleasure mediator may help explain why many addictive drugs, which unleash massive surges of the neurotransmitter in the brain, can drive continued use without producing pleasure-as when cocaine addicts continue to take hits long after the euphoric effects of the drug have worn off or when smokers smoke after cigarettes become distasteful." (4)<br />
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Since memory and pleasure zones are intertwined in the brain, many researchers have been using psychological approaches to stop drug use. Many rehabilitation centers have used classical conditioning to rehabilitate drug addicts. They combine exposure to drugs combined with cognitive scripts, like statements how drugs have destroyed a person's life or what can be accomplished without using drugs, according to DeLetis (5). By using classical conditioning, the drugs addicts pair the drugs with negative connotations and properties. "Adverse withdrawal symptoms can function as an instrumental negative reinforcer and can be linked to the opponent process theory of motivation." (6) However, drug addicts may relapse and start using again because of many environmental "cues", which are external forces that are associated with drug use in their lives. When the drugs addicts see these cues, their brain circuitry, especially the orbitofrontal cortex become hyperactive and causes these people to start craving drugs again (2). No matter how successful the rehabilitation treatment is, once those "cues" are around, the drug addicts remember how pleasurable the drugs felt and relapse into drug abuse again.<br />
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Through all of the research done about drug addiction and its affects on the brain, one can see how drug addiction is considered a brain disease. Drug addiction is a disabling disease and can ruin a person's life. By taking drugs, a person's brain becomes "rewired" to tolerate high amounts of dopamine neurotransmitters, but once those high amounts of dopamine cease to exist, the person experiences withdrawal symptoms. However, there are ways drug addicts can control their drug intake by using classical conditioning techniques, which allows them to associate drugs with negative attributes.<br />
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The addicted brain is distinctly different from the nonaddicted brain, as manifested by changes in brain metabolic activity, receptor availability, gene expression, and responsiveness to environmental cues

English: drug response in classical conditioning (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) There are many biological factors that are involved with t...

The Serotonin Support Group (SSG)

Fraser Trevor

Link Author

Title: The Serotonin Support Group (SSG)
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

The Serotonin Support Group (SSG) Is a mutual support group for people who suffer from low Serotonin levels, wishing to participate in a s...

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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Serotonin Support Group (SSG)<br />Is a mutual support group for people who suffer from low Serotonin levels,  wishing to participate in a support group that uses as one method a vitamin supplement as a method of replacement or addition to a diet to help the sufferer.The historical basis of this form of nutritional treatment was discovered and researched by Bill Wilson of Alcoholics Anonymous and it is to promote this Legacy to persons who suffer from low serotonin uptake and depression that the Group was formed.Bill Wilson wished to add a step to the 12 he had produced for AA. We struggle to make that possible and fulfill his promise. Without detracting from the message of recovery in the twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. If alcoholics and addictive abusers of other drugs have specific chemical imbalances in the brain, and if these imbalances turn out to be reliable enough and measurable enough in sufficiently large numbers of human addicts, it is natural to wonder whether, eventually, science can find a way to correct them.<br />Some sort of neurotransmitter cocktail, maybe.<br />Or just possibly... a pill?<br />Bill Wilson is on record for having found a solution in 1960 for treating anxiety and depression using vitamin B-3 therapy and worked tirelessly for eleven years begging for its inclusion into A.A. recovery circles.  His desire was to help alcoholics stay recovered. This means he would have immediately brought this mineral replacement therapy that eliminates alcohol cravings forth without exception. Andrew W. Saul, includes Bill Wilson as an inductee of the Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of Fame at the Hotel Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April 29, 2006 in his induction speech, “…To this day, selective history records A.A.’s 12-Step Program, but has forgotten, or deliberately purged, what Bill wanted to be A.A.’s 13th step – orthomolecular therapy with vitamin B3.”[Lee Brack1]  In February 2009, Orthomolecular Medicine’s founder, Abram Hoffer and Bill Wilson’s good friend, clarified to me over the phone, “..yes, Lee, he wanted to share this information as an added step and talked about it all the time because he felt so strongly about nutrition…”  Abram Hoffer passed away a few months later in May having lived healthy and happily for ninety one and a half years.</span><br />
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The Serotonin Support Group (SSG)

The Serotonin Support Group (SSG) Is a mutual support group for people who suffer from low Serotonin levels, wishing to participate in a s...

The results strongly suggest that the mechanism of depression after alcohol drinking may be related to serotonin.

Fraser Trevor

Link Author

Title: The results strongly suggest that the mechanism of depression after alcohol drinking may be related to serotonin.
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

A Kranz (wreath) of Kölsch beer. (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) We examined tryptophan and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) levels in the blo...

The results strongly suggest that the mechanism of depression after alcohol drinking may be related to serotonin.

A Kranz (wreath) of Kölsch beer. (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) We examined tryptophan and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) levels in the blo...

The important thing with serotonin, is to keep it at steady levels.

Fraser Trevor

Link Author

Title: The important thing with serotonin, is to keep it at steady levels.
Author: Fraser Trevor
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

The important thing with serotonin, is to keep it at steady levels. The medicines that raise the level of serotonin in the brain do so by s...

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<span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The important thing with serotonin, is to keep it at steady levels. The medicines that raise the level of serotonin in the brain do so by slowing the reabsorbtion of serotonin. The alcohol increases the availible serotonin for a bit and then it drops off quickly, leaving the depressed person feeling worse, and they tend to not take the medicine correctly when they feel badly or are drunk. High serotonin levels do not mean somebody will feel happy or good, It makes it more likely that they won't feel realy bad.</span><br />
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The important thing with serotonin, is to keep it at steady levels.

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